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Justus von Liebig
(12 May 1803 - 18 Apr 1873)
German chemist.
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Science Quotes by Justus von Liebig (25)
An diesen Apparate ist nichts neu als seine Einfachkeit und die vollkommene zu Verlaessigkeit, welche er gewaehst.
In this apparatus is nothing new but its simplicity and thorough trustworthiness.
On his revolutionary method of organic analysis.
In this apparatus is nothing new but its simplicity and thorough trustworthiness.
On his revolutionary method of organic analysis.
— Justus von Liebig
Poggendorf's Annalen, (1831), 21, 4. Trans. W. H. Brock.
See also: | Analysis (39) | Apparatus (2) | Organic Chemistry (16) | Reliability (5) | Simplicity (33)
A manure containing several ingredients acts in this wise: The effect of all of them in the soil accommodates itself to that one among them which, in comparison to the wants of the plant, is present in the smallest quantity.
— Justus von Liebig
'Laws of Minimum', in Natural Laws of Husbandry (1863), 215.
A time will come, when fields will be manured with a solution of glass (silicate of potash), with the ashes of burnt straw, and with the salts of phosphoric acid, prepared in chemical manufactories, exactly as at present medicines are given for fever and goitre.
— Justus von Liebig
Agricultural Chemistry (1847), 4th edn., 186.
See also: | Acid (9) | Ash (2) | Fertilizer (8) | Fever (3) | Field (15) | Industrial Chemistry (3) | Manure (3) | Medicine (127) | Straw (2)
Balard did not discover bromine, rather bromine discovered Balard.
Justus von Liebig comment on Antonie Jerome Balard.
Justus von Liebig comment on Antonie Jerome Balard.
— Justus von Liebig
Quoted in Ralph Oesper, The Human Side of Scientists (1975), 124.
See also: | Bromine (2)
But it must not be forgotten that ... glass and porcelain were manufactured, stuffs dyed and metals separated from their ores by mere empirical processes of art, and without the guidance of correct scientific principles.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851), 2.
See also: | Dye (2) | Empirical Science (3) | Glass (5) | Knowledge (341) | Metal (8) | Ore (2) | Porcelain (2)
From one sublime genius—NEWTON—more light has proceeded than the labour of a thousand years preceding had been able to produce.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851), 3.
God has ordered all his Creation by Weight and Measure.
Written over the door of the first chemical laboratory in the world for students, Giessen, 1842.Quoted in Wisdom of Solomon, 11.20.
Written over the door of the first chemical laboratory in the world for students, Giessen, 1842.Quoted in Wisdom of Solomon, 11.20.
— Justus von Liebig
God;Creation;Weight;Measure
I have learnt that all our theories are not Truth itself, but resting places or stages on the way to the conquest of Truth, and that we must be contented to have obtained for the strivers after Truth such a resting place which, if it is on a mountain, permits us to view the provinces already won and those still to be conquered.
— Justus von Liebig
Liebig to Gilbert (25 Dec 1870). Rothamsted Archives. Quotation supplied by W. H. Brock.
I have spent some months in England, have seen an awful lot and learned little. England is not a land of science, there is only a widely practised dilettantism, the chemists are ashamed to call themselves chemists because the pharmacists, who are despised, have assumed this name.
— Justus von Liebig
Liebig to Berzelius, 26 Nov 1837. Quoted in J. Carriere (ed.), Berzelius und Liebig.; ihre Briefe (1898), 134. Trans. W. H. Brock.
I will now direct the attention of scientists to a previously unnoticed cause which brings about the metamorphosis and decomposition phenomena which are usually called decay, putrefaction, rotting, fermentation and moldering. This cause is the ability possessed by a body engaged in decomposition or combination, i.e. in chemical action, to give rise in a body in contact with it the same ability to undergo the same change which it experiences itself.
— Justus von Liebig
Annalen der Pharmacie 1839, 30, 262. Trans. W. H. Brock.
See also: | Ability (13) | Ability (13) | Attention (7) | Cause (54) | Change (44) | Chemistry (91) | Combination (10) | Contact (3) | Decay (7) | Decomposition (6) | Decomposition (6) | Experience (59) | Fermentation (7) | Metamorphosis (2) | Mold (5) | Phenomenon (35) | Reaction (27) | Scientist (78)
I would... establish the conviction that Chemistry, as an independent science, offers one of the most powerful means towards the attainment of a higher mental cultivation; that the study of Chemistry is profitable, not only inasmuch as it promotes the material interests of mankind, but also because it furnishes us with insight into those wonders of creation which immediately surround us, and with which our existence, life, and development, are most closely connected.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1859), 4th edn., 1.
See also: | Attainment (2) | Chemistry (91) | Creation (51) | Development (27) | Existence (54) | Independence (4) | Insight (16) | Life (169) | Mankind (38) | Wonder (19)
If it is impossible to judge merit and guilt in the field of natural science, then it is not possible in any field, and historical research becomes an idle, empty activity.
— Justus von Liebig
Reden und Abhandlungen (1874). Trans. W. H. Brock.
If you want to become a chemist, you will have to ruin your health. If you don't ruin your health studying, you won't accomplish anything these days in chemistry.
Liebig's advice to Kekulé.
Liebig's advice to Kekulé.
— Justus von Liebig
Quoted in Berichle der Deutschen Chemishen Gesellschaft, 23, 1890. Trans. W. H. Brock.
See also: | Accomplishment (7) | Chemist (24) | Health (62) | (Friedrich) August Kekulé (13) | Study (38)
In the progressive growth of astronomy, physics or mechanical science was developed, and when this had been, to a certain degree, successfully cultivated, it gave birth to the science of chemistry.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851), 2.
Only about seventy years ago was chemistry, like a grain of seed from a ripe fruit, separated from the other physical sciences. With Black, Cavendish and Priestley, its new era began. Medicine, pharmacy, and the useful arts, had prepared the soil upon which this seed was to germinate and to flourish.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851),5.
Since the discovery of oxygen the civilised world has undergone a revolution in manners and customs. The knowledge of the composition of the atmosphere, of the solid crust of the earth, of water, and of their influence upon the life of plants and animals, was linked to that discovery. The successful pursuit of innumerable trades and manufactures, the profitable separation of metals from their ores, also stand in the closest connection therewith.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851), 5.
See also: | Oxygen (14)
The loveliest theories are being overthrown by these damned experiments; it's no fun being a chemist anymore.
— Justus von Liebig
Liebig to Berzelius, 22 Jul 1834. Quoted in J. Carriere (ed.), Berzelius und Liebig: ihre Briefe (1898), 94. Trans. W. H. Brock.
The more fodder, the more flesh; the more flesh, the more manure; the more manure, the more grain.
— Justus von Liebig
Letters on the Utilization of London Sewage (1865)
The progress of mankind is due exclusively to the progress of natural sciences, not to morals, religion or philosophy.
— Justus von Liebig
Letter to Schoenbein (1 Aug 1866). In Liebig und Schoenbein: Briefwechsel (1900), 221. Trans. W. H. Brock.
See also: | Mankind (38) | Moral (14) | Natural Science (17) | Philosophy (77) | Progress (120) | Religion (69)
There are various causes for the generation of force: a tensed spring, an air current, a falling mass of water, fire burning under a boiler, a metal that dissolves in an acid—one and the same effect can be produced by means of all these various causes. But in the animal body we recognise only one cause as the ultimate cause of all generation of force, and that is the reciprocal interaction exerted on one another by the constituents of the food and the oxygen of the air. The only known and ultimate cause of the vital activity in the animal as well as in the plant is a chemical process.
— Justus von Liebig
'Der Lebensprocess im Thiere und die Atmosphare', Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie (1841), 41, 215-7. Trans. Kenneth L. Caneva, Robert Mo.yer and the Conservation of Energy (1993), 78.
See also: | Acid (9) | Activity (11) | Air (31) | Animal (63) | Cause (54) | Chemical (6) | Dissolve (2) | Effect (22) | Fire (22) | Food (37) | Force (26) | Interaction (2) | Metal (8) | Oxygen (14) | Plant (42) | Process (23) | Reaction (27) | Spring (2) | Steam (4) | Water (36) | Wind (12)
There is in the chemist a form of thought by which all ideas become visible in the mind as strains of an imagined piece of music. This form of thought is developed in Faraday in the highest degree, whence it arises that to one who is not acquainted with this method of thinking, his scientific works seem barren and dry, and merely a series of researches strung together, while his oral discourse when he teaches or explains is intellectual, elegant, and of wonderful clearness.
— Justus von Liebig
Autobiography, 257-358. Quoted in William H. Brock, Justus Von Liebig (2002), 9.
See also: | Chemist (24) | Clarity (2) | Michael Faraday (40) | Idea (87) | Intellect (52) | Lecture (18) | Music (12) | Research (221) | Teaching (10) | Thought (66)
We may fairly judge of the commercial prosperity of a country from the amount of sulphuric acid it consumes.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Lectures on Chemistry (1843).
What struck me most in England was the perception that only those works which have a practical tendency awake attention and command respect, while the purely scientific, which possess far greater merit are almost unknown. And yet the latter are the proper source from which the others flow. Practice alone can never lead to the discovery of a truth or a principle. In Germany it is quite the contrary. Here in the eyes of scientific men no value, or at least but a trifling one, is placed upon the practical results. The enrichment of science is alone considered worthy attention.
— Justus von Liebig
Letter to Michael Faraday (19 Dec 1844). In Bence Jones (ed.), The life and letters of Faraday (1870), Vol. 2, 188-189.
See also: | Attention (7) | Discovery (178) | England (9) | Enrichment (2) | Germany (3) | Merit (5) | Perception (5) | Practical (11) | Principle (35) | Respect (8) | Science (463) | Truth (247) | Unknown (9)
When the state is shaken to its foundations by internal or external events, when commerce, industry and all trades shall be at a stand, and perhaps on the brink of ruin; when the property and fortune of all are shaken or changed, and the inhabitants of towns look forward with dread and apprehension to the future, then the agriculturalist holds in his hand the key to the money chest of the rich, and the savings-box of the poor; for political events have not the slightest influence on the natural law, which forces man to take into his system, daily, a certain number of ounces of carbon and nitrogen.
Reflecting on events of 1848.
Reflecting on events of 1848.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851), 3rd edn., 483.
See also: | Agriculture (8) | Carbon (11) | Commerce (2) | Crisis (3) | Dread (2) | Fortune (3) | Future (33) | Industry (21) | Influence (11) | Law (145) | Money (71) | Nation (15) | Nitrogen (7) | Politics (20) | Poor (3) | Population (19) | Property (17) | Revolution (10) | Rich (3) | Trade (3)
Without an acquaintance with chemistry, the statesman must remain a stranger to the true vital interests of the state, to the means of its organic development and improvement; ... The highest economic or material interests of a country, the increased and more profitable production of food for man and animals, ... are most closely linked with the advancement and diffusion of the natural sciences, especially of chemistry.
— Justus von Liebig
Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1851), 3rd edn., 19.
See also: | Agriculture (8) | Chemistry (91) | Chemistry (91) | Country (11) | Development (27) | Economics (14) | Improvement (9) | Knowledge (341) | Nation (15) | Production (12) | Profit (7) | Science (463) | Statesman (2)
Quotes by others about Justus von Liebig (8)
Originally a pupil of Liebig, I became a pupil of Dumas, Gerhardt and Williamson: I no longer belonged to any school.
J. R. Partington, A History of Chemistry (1970), Vol. 4, 533.
See also: | Jean-Baptiste-André Dumas (7) | Charles Gerhardt (3) | Pupil (6) | School (18) | Student (18) | Alexander William Williamson (2)
Mr Justus Liebig is no doubt a very clever gentleman and a most profound chemist, but in our opinion he knows as much of agriculture as the horse that ploughs the ground, and there is not an old man that stands between the stilts of a plough in Virginia, that cannot tell him of facts totally at variance with his finest spun theories.
— Magazine
The Southern Planter (1845), 3, 23.
See also: | Agriculture (8) | Chemist (24) | Fact (146) | Horse (8) | Intelligence (34) | Theory (192)
Chemistry is a gibberish of Latin and German; but in Leibig's hands it becomes a powerful language.
'Die Chemie kauderwelscht in Latein und Deutsch, aber in Leibig's munde wird sie sprachgewaltig' . Jakob Grimm (ed.), Deutsche Wörlerbuch (1854), Vol. 1, xxxi. Translated and quoted by William H. Brock, in Justus von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper (2002), 174. Note that Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are better known as the Brothers Grimm.
I suppose I should be run after for a professorship if I had studied at Giessen, as it seems to be a settled point that no young man can be expected to know anything of chemistry unless he has studied with Liebig; while the truth is, that any one who goes there and does not afterwards correct the bad habits acquied there, in some other laboratory, is almost unfitted for doing things in Chemistry. No doubt Liebig is a remarkable man, who has done much for organic Chemistry, not to speak of his having quarreled with all the Chemists in Europe...
Letter to his brother, William Dwight Whitney (25 Apr 1846). In Edwin Tenney Brewster and Josiah Dwight Whitney, Life and Letters of Josiah Dwight Whitney (1909), 79-80.
Liebig was not a teacher in the ordinary sense of the word. Scientifically productive himself in an unusual degree, and rich in chemical ideas, he imparted the latter to his advanced pupils, to be put by them to experimental proof; he thus brought his pupils gradually to think for themselves, besides showing and explaining to them the methods by which chemical problems might be solved experimentally.
As quoted in G. H. Getman, The Life of Ira Remsen (1980), 18-19.
See also: | Experiment (218) | Problem (72) | Proof (63) | Student (18) | Teacher (26) | Thinking (58)
But for twenty years previous to 1847 a force had been at work in a little county town of Germany destined to effect the education of Christendom, and at the same time to enlarge the boundaries of human knowledge, first in chemistry and the allied branches, then in every other one of the natural sciences. The place was Giessen; the inventor Liebig; the method, a laboratory for instruction and research.
A Semi-Centennial Discourse, 1847-97' (28 Oct 1897), The Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Quoted in Daniel Coit Gilman, University Problems in the United States (1898), 120.
Liebig taught the world two great lessons. The first was that in order to teach chemistry it was necessary that students should be taken into a laboratory. The second lesson was that he who is to apply scientific thought and method to industrial problems must have a thorough knowledge of the sciences. The world learned the first lesson more readily than it learned the second.
Ira Remsen, Address to the Industrial Chemistry Society, Glasgow (1910). Quoted in Frederick Hutton Getman, The Life of Ira Remsen (1980), 121-122.
See also: | Laboratory (37)
Liebig himself seems to have occupied the role of a gate, or sorting-demon, such as his younger contemporary Clerk Maxwell once proposed, helping to concentrate energy into one favored room of the Creation at the expense of everything else.
Gravity's Rainbow (1973), 411.